Recherche

Deutsch: Simano-Decke
Français: Nappe du Simano
Italiano: Falda del Simano
English: Simano Nappe

The Simano Nappe is a tectonic unit of the Eastern Lepontic (Ticino Culmination). It consists of a heterogenous metamorphosed magmatic complex intruded into pre-Variscan paragneisses, forming today the orthogneisses that dominate the southern and the western part of the nappe. The eastern part contains Ordovician orthogneisses within paragneisses and the northern part consists of semi- to metapelitic gneisses, micaschists, amphibolites and sporadic lenses of ultramafic rocks, locally covered by Permian and Triassic sedimentary rocks. The frontal part of the Simano Nappe, forming  a large-scale recumbent fold, is bordered by metacarbonates, considered to be the Mesozoic sedimentary cover of the nappe.

Cima del Simano (TI)

Simanoteildecke = Simano-Decke (Heydweiller 1918), Simanodecke (Bosshard 1925, Kündig 1926a, Staub 1934), Ricoprimento Simano-Verzasca (Casasopra 1939b), Falda Simano (Godenzi 1963), Ricoprimento Simano = complesso Simano (Bianconi 1971), nappe du Simano (Mayerat Demarne 1994), Simano Nappe (Rütti et al. 2005, Gouffon et al. 2024), Simano nappe (Steck et al. 2013), Falda del Simano = Simano-Decke (Schenker, Bl. Osogna)

Deutsch: Gotthard-Decke
Français: Nappe du Gothard
Italiano: Falda del Gottardo
English: Gotthard Nappe

The Gotthard Nappe, extending from Brig in Valais to Ilanz in Graubünden, is an Upper Helvetic tectonic unit with a crystalline core (former “Gotthard Massif”) consisting of pre-Caledonian and pre-Variscan para- and orthogneisses, as well as Late Variscan granitic intrusions. The sedimentary cover of this nappe varies from place to place: “Urseren-Garvera Zone” (including "Goms Massif") at the northern border of the nappe, “Termen Zone” and “Nufenen Zone” at the southern border between Brig and Airolo.

Gotthardpass = Passo del San Gottardo (TI)

Gotthard-Massiv auct., massif du Gotthard (Argand 1911b), Gotthardmassiv (Bosshard 1925), massiccio del San Gottardo (Godenzi 1963), nappe du Saint-Gotthard, massif du Gothard (Trümpy 1970), Gotthardmassiv = Gotthard-«Massiv» (Büchi & Trümpy 1976), Gotthard massif (Mercolli et al. 1994), Gotthard-«Massiv» = Gotthard-Decke = Gotthard-Einheit = Gotthard Unit (Labhart 2005), Gotthard Nappe (Berger et al. 2017, Gouffon et al. 2024)

Deutsch: Rhone-Simplon-Störung
Français: faille du Rhône-Simplon
Italiano: faglia Rhône-Simplon
English: Rhône-Simplon fault

Bedeutende, südwestfallende, miozäne Abschiebung mit Mylonitzone im Liegenden (NE) und Kataklasitzone im Hangenden (SW).

Simplonpass (VS)

Simplon-Centovalli (Bearth 1954, 1956 und 1974), Simplon line (Pfeifer et al. 1991, Carrupt 2003), ligne Rhône-Simplon (Gouffon 1993), Simplon Fault Zone (Grasemann & Mancktelow 1993), Simplon ductile shear zone = Rhone-Simplon line (Steck 2008), Simplon normal fault, Rhône-Simplon-Linie, Rhône-Simplon fault = Rhone-Simplon-Störung = faille du Rhône-Simplon (TK500 / Gouffon et al. 2024), faglia del Rodano–Sempione

Molasse marine inférieure

Deutsch: Subalpine Flysch-Zone
Français: Zone du Flysch Subalpin
Italiano: Zona del Flysch Subalpino
English: Subalpine Flysch Zone

The Subalpine Flysch Zone is a heterogeneous Lower Helvetic mélange zone, consisting of «wildflysch» and various elements of all sizes of North Helvetic, South Helvetic and Subbriançonnais origin. It extends along the front of the Alps in a narrow, almost continuous band from the Thunersee to the Toggenburg. It lies between the Subalpine Molasse and the Upper Helvetic Drusberg and Säntis nappes.

Äussere Rand-Flyschzone = Zone extérieure (Paulcke 1906) subalpine Randflyschzone (Herb 1962, Hantke 2006), subalpine Flyschzone (Reber 1964, Herb et al. 1978), subalpiner Randflysch (Müller 1971), Randflysch = Wildfylsch (Kuhn 1972), Wildflysch subalpin (Weidmann et al. 1982), Subalpiner Flysch (Diem 1986), Subalpine Randflysch-Zone (Bl. Rigi), Subalpine Randflyschzone, Subalpine Flysch-Zone (Funk et al. 2013), Subalpine Flysch-Decke, Subalpine Flysch Zone (TK500 / Gouffon et al. 2024)

non: Subalpiner Randflysch sensu Blau 1966 (=UMM-I)

Deutsch: Tonale-Störung
Français: Faille du Tonale
Italiano: Faglia del Tonale
English: Tonale Fault

The Tonale Fault, formed by dextral shearing under ductile and later brittle conditions, is part of the Periadriatic Fault System. It separates the Austroalpine units of the Central Alps in the north from the South Alpine units in the south.

Passo del Tonale (Italia)

faille du Tonale (Henny 1918), accident du Tonale, Jorio-Tonale, Iorio-Tonale-Linie = Insubriche Linie (Knoblauch & Reinhard 1939), Tonale-Linie = Tonale-Störung (Büchi & Trümpy 1976), Tonale-Centovalli (Boriani et al. 1990), Faglia del Tonale (Scesia 1991), Steilzone nördlich des Veltins ~ Tonale Linie (Spillmann 1993), Tonale Fault = Tonale-Störung = Faille du Tonale (TK500 / Gouffon et al. 2024)

Deutsch: Roignais-Versoyen-Schuppe
Français: Écaille du Roignais-Versoyen
Italiano: Scaglia del Roignais-Versoyen
English: Roignais-Versoyen Slice

The Roignais-Versoyen Slice forms the median part of the Sion-Courmayeur Nappe from Savoy to the upper Valais. Its very characteristic lithology includes the Cretaceous «Valaisan Flysch» and a pre-flysch series with ophiolites.

Le Roignais (France)

digitation du Versoyen (Zulauf 1963), zone du Versoyen (Loubat 1968), Versoyen unit (Burri 1979), zone du Versoyen (Schürch et al. 1986, Schurch 1987), unité du Roignais-Versoyen (Jeanbourquin & Burri 1989, Antoine et al. 1992), Zona del Versoyen (Dal Piaz et al. 1992a), unité du Versoyen (Bousquet 1998), Versoyen zone (Steck 2008), Roignais-Versoyen Slice (TK500, Gouffon et al. 2024)

Deutsch: Ruitor-Decke
Français: Nappe du Ruitor
Italiano: Falda del Ruitor
English: Ruitor Nappe

The Ruitor Nappe is a Middle Penninic tectonic unit of the Western Alps, extending from the Valle d’Aosta into the Val de Bagnes, where it pinches out between the Zone Houillère and the Siviez-Mischabel Nappe. It is characterized by a polycyclic basement with numerous pre-Alpine relics, covered by Permian clastic rocks. These latter lithologies are in contact with the Permian cover of the Siviez-Mischabel Nappe, so that the tectonic contact that separates these two nappes is rarely recognizable in the field.

Testa / Lago del Rutor (Italia)

Ruitor Massif (Elter 1960, Caby 1968, Caby 1974, Govi 1975, Baudin 1987), gneiss granitiques du Ruitor / complexe des gneiss du Ruitor (Zulauf 1963), Zone du Ruitor (Burri 1983), série du Ruitor (Détraz 1984), Zona brianzonese esterna = zoccolo polimetamorfico del Ruitor (Dal Piaz et al. 1992a), zone du Ruitor (Gouffon 1993), Ruitor unit (Malusà et al. 2005), Ruitor Nappe (TK500, Gouffon et al. 2024)

Deutsch: Monte-del-Forno-Komplex
Français: Complexe du Monte del Forno
Italiano: Complesso del Monte del Forno
English: Monte del Forno Complex

Within the Upper Penninic Malenco-Forno-Lizun Nappe, the Forno unit is situated southeast of the Engadine Fault and is sinistrally offset from the Lizun unit. It consists of metabasalts and metagabbros of oceanic origin covered by metasedimentary rocks of Jurassic to Early Cretaceous age, which are in direct contact with the roof of the Bregaglia Intrusion.

Monte del Forno (GR)/(Italia)

Monte del Forno Series (Ferrario & Montrasio 1976), Fornoserie (Kubli 1983, Peretti 1983), Monte-del-Forno-Komplex (Peretti 1985), Mte del Forno-Komplex (Spillmann 1993), Forno mafics = Forno suite (Puschnig et al. 1996), ozeanische Fornoserie (Hansmann et al. 1996), Monte-del-Forno-Komplex = Forno-Ophiolithe (Spillmann & Trommsdorff 2007), Forno unit (TK500 / Gouffon et al. 2024)

Deutsch: Roisan–Cignana-Scherzone
Français: Zone de cisaillement de Roisan–Cignana
Italiano: Zona di taglio Roisan–Cignana
English: Roisan–Cignana Shear Zone

The Roisan-Cignana Shear Zone consists of slices of Mesozoic sediments and crystalline basement in a mylonitic matrix derived from the adjacent Dent Blanche Nappe (Arolla Unit) and of the Mont Mary Nappe (Lower and Upper units). The high-pressure mineral assemblages along the contact between these tectonic slices indicates that their emplacement occurred in an early deformation stage, before or during the subduction.

Roisan (Italia), N Aoste

anticlinal gneissique du Faroma = bande triasique de Roisan-Saint-Barthélemy (Argand 1906a), Upper unit of the Mont Mary nappe (Canepa et al. 1990), Zona di Roisan (Dal Piaz et al. 1992a), Zona di Roisan = Roisan zone (Dal Piaz et al. 2015), Roisan-Cignana Shear Zone (Manzotti & Ballèvre 2017, TK500 / Gouffon et al. 2024)

commune du Val d'Aoste

Deutsch: Mont-Blanc-Massiv
Français: Massif du Mont Blanc
Italiano: Massiccio del Monte Bianco
English: Mont Blanc Massif

The Mont Blanc Massif, divided into an external and an internal part by a major fault, is a Lower Helvetic External Massif of the French and Western Swiss Alps. It is constituted of a pre-Variscan polycyclic basement (Precambrian to Early Cretaceous) intruded by Variscan granites and of a Mesozoic–Cenozoic sedimentary cover. The Mont Blanc Massif is separated from the Belledonne Massif by the axial depression of the Val Montjoie and from the Aiguilles Rouges Massif by a thin band of Mesozoic sediments often («Chamonix Syncline»).

Mont Blanc (France/Italia)

Gruppe des Mont Blanc = Centralmasse des Mont Blanc (Gerlach 1871), massif du Mont Blanc (Argand 1911b), massif cristallin du Mont-Blanc (Collet et al. 1952), Massiccio del Monte Bianco (Godenzi 1963), massiccio del Monte Bianco = unità di basamento del Monte Bianco (Dal Piaz et al. 1992a), Mont Blanc massif (Egli 2013), Mont Blanc Massif (TK500 / Gouffon et al. 2024)