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Deutsch: Salassikum
Français: Salassique
Italiano: Salassico
English: Salassic

The Salassic Domain groups the tectonic units derived from an extensional allochthon split off from the most distal part of the Adriatic margin during the Middle Jurassic opening of the Piemonte-Liguria Ocean and subducted below the Austroalpine and South Alpine units in Late Cretaceous times. These units – Dent Blanche, Mont Mary and Sesia nappes in western Switzerland and adjacent Italy, together with the Margna and Sella nappes in southeastern Switzerland and partly in Italy – are characterised by their high-pressure metamorphism.

This term stems from a Celtic tribe, the Salasses, who settled in the Valle d’Aosta and the Sesia region, at the same time as the Helvetians north of the Alps and the Lepontians between Val d’Ossola and Leventina.

Cervinia (Froitzheim), sistema Sesia-Dent Blanche (Bearth 1980), Austro-Alpine thrust system of the Western Alps (dal Piaz 1993), Salassic (TK500 / Gouffon et al. 2024)

Deutsch: Plaine-Morte-Melange
Français: Mélange de la Plaine Morte
Italiano: Mélange della Plaine Morte
English: Plaine Morte Mélange

The Plaine Morte Mélange is a chaotic deposit dominated by block-in-matrix fabrics, directly overlying many Lower and Upper Helvetic units in the Western Swiss Alps (Aiguilles Rouges Massif, Morcles and Jägerchrüz nappes, Wildhorn Nappe Complex). In many cases, this mélange lies directly above the Helvetic flysch and has therefore occasionally been considered as the top of the Helvetic sedimentary series.

Glacier de la Plaine Morte (VS)/(BE)

nappe de la Plaine Morte (Lugeon 1918), Diverticule de la Plaine Morte (Lombard et al. 1974), Plaine Morte wildflysch (Homewood & Caron 1983), Wildflysch Plaine Morte = wildflysch I (Mayoraz et al. 1988), Wildflysch de la Plaine Morte, Plaine Morte Mélange (TK500 / Gouffon et al. 2024)

Flysch autochtone à lentilles (Caron et al. 1967, Rosset et al. 1976) ; Mylonites = écailles de Bonnavau (auct.), fausses mylonites = brèches sédimentaires (Schroeder & Ducloz 1955)

Deutsch: Helvetikum
Français: Helvétique
Italiano: Elvetico
English: Helvetic

The Helvetic tectonic domain comprises the sedimentary series (Late Carboniferous to Early Oligocene) initially deposited on the ante-alpine South European continental margin, as well as the underlying crystalline basement.

Genannt nach ihrer Hauptentfaltung in der Schweiz nördlich des Rhône- und Rheintales.

helvetische Zone (Heim YYYY, Staub 1934), Elvetidi (Hermann 1937), domaine helvétique, falde elvetiche (Godenzi 1963), helvetische Zone der Alpen = helvetische Randzone der Ostalpen (Tollmann 1985), dominio Elvetico = Zone Elvetica (Dal Piaz et al. 1992a), ensemble delphino-helvétique (Plancherel 1998), Helvetic Domain = Domaine Helvétique (TK500 / Gouffon et al. 2024)

Entspricht den «Hautes Alpes Calcaires» bzw. «Nördliche Kalkalpen der Schweiz» auct., sowie den sog. «massifs cristallins externes».

Deutsch: Hegau-Bodensee-Graben
Français: Graben du Hegau-Bodensee
Italiano: Graben dell'Hegau-Bodensee
English: Hegau-Bodensee Graben

The NW–SE trending extensional Hegau-Bodensee Graben represents the southeastern extension of the Freiburg-Bonndorf-Bodensee Fault Zone and is associated with the Neogene Hegau Volcanic Province.

Hegau and Bodensee (Deutschland) regions

Hegau-Bodensee-Störungszone (DM-Geologie), Hegau-Bodensee graben (Diehl et al. 2018), Bodensee-Hegau Graben = Hegau-Bodensee Graben (Diehl et al. 2020), Hegau-Bodensee-Graben (Nagra), Hegau-Lake Constance Graben System (Fabbri et al. 2021), fossé du Hegau-Bodensee, Hegau-Bodensee Graben (TK500 / Gouffon et al. 2024)

Deutsch: Campo-Decke
Français: Nappe de Campo
Italiano: Falda di Campo
English: Campo Nappe

The Campo Nappe is the largest unit of the Upper Austroalpine Campo Nappe Complex and predominantly consists of Variscan basement, locally intruded by Permian magmatites (e.g., Sondalo Gabbro, Martell Granite). This nappe tectonically overlies the Masuccio Nappe in the southwest and the Languard Nappe in the northeast and extends all along the base of the tectonically higher Ortler Nappe. Its former Permian–Mesozoic cover has been almost completely detached very early during WNW-directed Late Cretaceous thrusting and is not present nowadays due to erosion, except as small occurrences more or less attached to the basement of the Campo Nappe.

Val di Campo = Val da Camp (GR)

mittelostalpine Decke = Campo-Decke (Alb. Heim 1922), Campodecke (Rösli 1928, Spillmann 1993), Campo-Decke s.l. > Campo-Decke s.str. (Staub 1946), falda di Campo (Pozzi 1957), falda Campo (Godenzi 1963, Montrasio et al. 2012), Campo-Languard-Einheit (Dössegger 1987), Campo Nappe (TK500 / Gouffon et al. 2024)

Deutsch: Umbrail–Chavalatsch-Schuppen
Français: Écailles de l'Umbrail–Chavalatsch
Italiano: Scaglie dell'Umbrail–Chavalatsch
English: Umbrail–Chavalatsch Slices

The WNW-facing Umbrail-Chavalatsch Slices consist of a very complicated zone of imbrication with two lithologically and tectonically separate units: firstly, slices of Late Triassic sediments of the Raibl and Hauptdolomit groups, which were sheared off their original stratigraphical underpinnings (S-charl-Sesvenna Nappe), and secondly, pre-Mesozoic basement slices that are correlated with the tectonically higher basement of the Ötztal Nappe Complex that tectonically overlies the S-charl-Sesvenna nappe.

Piz Umbrail (GR)/(Italia)

Engadiner-Dolomiten = Umbrail-Decke (Roesli 1927), Umbraildecke (Staub 1934), Umbrail-Decke (Staub 1946), Umbrail-Chavalatsch-Schuppenzone = Umbrail-Chavalatsch imbricate zone (Bl. Sta. Maria-Münstair, Schmid 1973), Schuppe des Umbrailgebietes (Trümpy 1972), zona a scaglie Umbrail-Chavalatsch (Montrasio et al. 2012), Umbrail-Chavalatsch Slices (TK500 / Gouffon et al. 2024)

(Piz) Lad Scholle (Van Loone 1960) [non: Unterengadiner Piz Lad !!!], Zone d'écailles de l'Umbrail-Chavalatsch (Ecaille de Terza incl.)

Deutsch: S-charl–Sesvenna-Decke
Français: Nappe de S-charl–Sesvenna
Italiano: Falda S-charl–Sesvenna
English: S-charl–Sesvenna Nappe

The S-charl-Sesvenna Nappe (including the Tavrü Slice) in the southeastern compartment of the Engadine Fault occupies the same tectonic position as the Silvretta Nappe in the northwestern compartment of this fault.

The basement of the S-charl-Sesvenna Nappe is commonly referred to as the Sesvenna basement and its cover as “S-charl-Unterbau” (a series of NE–SW trending series of synclines and anticlines that affect both basement and cover without major detachments within the sedimentary sequence) and “S-charl-Oberbau” (nowadays referred to as Tavrü Slice, consisting entirely of a Norian to Cretaceous succession, volumetrically dominated by an over 2 km thick Hauptdolomit and completely detached from the Carnian Raibl Group).

S-charl (GR)

Falda di Scarl (Pozzi 1957), Unterengadiner Dolomiten = S-charl-Decke (Cadisch et al. 1968), S-charl–Sesvenna-Teildecke (Stutz & Walter 1983), Sesvenna-S-charl nappe (Furrer et al. 1985), Scarl-Decke (Gruber et al. 2010), S-charl–Sesvenna Nappe (TK500 / Gouffon et al. 2024)

Deutsch: Portjengrat-Decke
Français: Nappe du Portjengrat
Italiano: Falda del Portjengrat
English: Portjengrat Nappe

The Portjengrat Nappe, exposed east of Saas Fee, is a Middle Penninic tectonic unit that underwent a Alpine high-pressure metamorphism and occupies a special position as a buffer zone between the Siviez-Mischabel and Monte Rosa nappes on the one side and between the Zermatt - Saas Fee and Antrona nappes on the other side. It consists mainly of a crystalline basement resembling that of the Siviez-Mischabel and Monte Rosa nappes, overlain by a very thin Mesozoic sedimentary cover. Both basement and cover are crosscut by mafic veins, such as in the adjacent «Furgg Zone».

Portjengrat = Pizzo d'Andolla (VS)/(Italia)

pli du Portjengrat (Argand 1911b), oberer nördlicher Lappen (der Monte Rosadecke) = Pli du Portjengrat = Portjengratlappen (Eichenberger 1926), Portjengrat-Lappen (Blumenthal 1952, Müller 1983), lembo del Portjengrat (Dal Piaz et al. 1992a), unité du Portjengrat = zone du Portjengrat (Carrupt & Schlup 1998), Portjengrat Nappe (TK500, Gouffon et al. 2024)

Deutsch: Mont-Fort-Decke
Français: Nappe du Mont Fort
Italiano: Falda del Mont Fort
English: Mont Fort Nappe

The Mont Fort Nappe is a Middle Penninic tectonic unit of the Western Alps extending from the Valle d’Aosta in the SSW to the Val d’Anniviers in the NNE. Its basement (similar to the upper, monocyclic part of that of the Siviez-Mischabel Nappe) ends as an anticline in the Val d’Hérémence, just downstream of the Grande Dixence Dam, but its Permian–Mesozoic sedimentary cover (characteristically including a large accumulation of breccias;) continues towards the east and forms pinched recumbent frontal folds with the lower part of the Tsaté Nappe up to the Lac de Moiry. Southward, the Mont Fort Nappe is interrupted by the Col de Bard Fault, but equivalent units are found further south in the Valle d’Aosta and in the Vanoise mountain range.

Mont Fort (VS)

nappe du Mont Fort (Escher in: Woodtli 1985, Allimann 1987, Escher 1988, Gouffon 1993, Escher et al. 1997, Sartori et al. 2006, Pantet et al. 2017), falda di Monfort [sic] (Dal Piaz et al. 1992a), Mont Fort nappe (Malusà et al. 2005), Mont Fort Nappe (TK500, Gouffon et al. 2024)

Deutsch: Tambò-Decke
Français: Nappe du Tambò
Italiano: Falda del Tambò
English: Tambò Nappe

The Tambo Nappe is a Middle Penninic tectonic unit of eastern Switzerland made up of polymetamorphic paragneisses intruded by the Permian Truzzo Granite that escaped Paleozoic deformation and metamorphism. This crystalline basement is unconformably overlain by a Permian–Mesozoic cover roughly comparable to the Briançonnais facies of the Barrhorn (Siviez-Mischabel Nappe) and Vanoise series.

Pizzo Tambo (GR)

Tambodecke (Heydweiller 1918, Kündig 1926a, Staub 1934, Gansser 1937a, Strohbach 1965, Weber 1966), Falda Tambò (Godenzi 1963), Tambo nappe = Tambo Nappe (Gulson 1973), Tambo-Decke = lembo di ricoprimento del Tambo (Schmutz 1976), falda Tambò (Sciesa 1991), nappe du Tambo (Mayerat Demarne 1994), Tambo Nappe (TK500 / Gouffon et al. 2024)

cf. Marquer et al. 1994, Marquer & Peucat 1994