Quaternary (2.58 Ma)
Torna a cronostratigrafiaRappresentazione e statuto
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- Rango
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- Uso
- Unità in uso.
- Status
- termine formale valido
- Discussione del statuto
Nomenclatura
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- Quaternary (2.58 Ma)
- Varianti storiche
-
Quaternaire (de Serres 1832), Quartaer, Eiszeitalter (Schlüchter & Kelly 2000), Zeitalter des Menschen
Gerarchia e successione
- Unità di rango inferiore
Età
- Geomorfologia
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- Olocene
- Età alla base
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- Gelasiano
- Metodo di datazione
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The base of the Early Pleistocene (and base of the Quaternary) is defined at the Gauss-Matuyama paleomagnetic reversal, around 2.58 Ma, which also roughly corresponds to the onset of MIS-103.
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Holocene (11.7 ka)
- Name Origin
-
holos = fully, entirely , kaïno = recent
- Rango
- Epoca cronostratigrafica
- Statuto
- termine formale valido
- In breve
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The Holocene is the most recent geochronologic epoch of the Quaternary, referring to the warm episod that began with the end of the last glacial period.
- Age
- Olocene
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Meghalayan (4.2 ka)
- Rango
- Piano cronostratigrafico
- Statuto
- termine formale valido
- In breve
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Last chronostratigraphic stage of the Holocene.
- Age
- Olocene
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Subatlantic
- Rango
- climato/palinostratigrafia
- Statuto
- termine informale
- In breve
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Current climatic/palynological stage of the postglacial European Quaternary (approximate age range: from 2800-2450 calBP = 850-500 BC to present).
- Age
- Olocene
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Subboreal
- Rango
- climato/palinostratigrafia
- Statuto
- termine informale
- In breve
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Palynological stage of the postglacial European Quaternary (approximate age range: 5500-2800 calBP).
- Age
- Olocene
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Northgrippian (8.2 ka)
- Rango
- Piano cronostratigrafico
- Statuto
- termine formale valido
- In breve
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Middle chronostratigraphic stage of the Holocene.
- Age
- Olocene
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Atlantic
- Name Origin
-
Warm and moist climatic phase originally based on the study of Danish peat bogs.
- Rango
- climato/palinostratigrafia
- Statuto
- termine informale
- In breve
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Palynological stage depicting a postglacial climatic optimum in Europe, and characterised by the presence of oak, elm, linden and iva (approximate range: 9000-5500 calBP).
- Age
- Olocene
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Greenlandian (11.7 ka)
- Rango
- Sotto-Periodo cronostratigrafico
- Statuto
- termine locale (informale)
- In breve
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First chronostratigraphic stage of the Holocene.
- Age
- Olocene
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Boreal
- Name Origin
-
Cold climatic phase originally based on the study of Danish peat bogs.
- Rango
- climato/palinostratigrafia
- Statuto
- termine informale
- In breve
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Palynological stage of the postglacial European Quaternary (approximate age range: 10200-9000 calBP).
- Age
- Olocene
-
Preboreal
- Name Origin
-
Transitional climatic phase originally based on the study of Danish peat bogs.
- Rango
- climato/palinostratigrafia
- Statuto
- termine informale
- In breve
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Palynological stage of the postglacial European Quaternary, at the base of the Holocene (approximate age range: 11650-10200 calBP).
- Age
- Olocene
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Pleistocene (2.58 Ma)
- Name Origin
-
pleistos = le plus , kaïno = récent
- Rango
- Epoca cronostratigrafica
- Statuto
- termine formale valido
- In breve
-
The Pleistocene is the first geochronologic epoch of the Quaternary, starting with the Gelasian age (at the transition from the Pliocene epoch) and ending with an unnamed age at the transition to the Holocene epoch. It is subdivided in three subepochs (Early, Middle and Late Pleistocene).
- Age
- Gelasiano
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Late Pleistocene (129 ka)
- Rango
- Piano cronostratigrafico
- Statuto
- termine formale valido
- In breve
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The Late Pleistocene is the last geochronologic subepoch of the Pleistocene, comprising only one (unnamed) age. Its base was set at the start of the Eem Interglacial (Marine Isotope Stage 5e).
Correlatively, the Late Pleistocene corresponds in Switzerland to the last interglacial–glacial cycle (Gondiswil Interglacial and Birrfeld Glacial).
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Younger Dryas
- Name Origin
-
Named after the cold-climate wildflower Dryas octopetala Linnaeus.
- Rango
- climato/palinostratigrafia
- Statuto
- termine informale
- In breve
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Late glacial cold floral stage at the end of the Late Pleistocene (12900-11500 BP = 11000-9500 av. J.C.).
- Age
- Spätes Pleistozän
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Allerød
- Name Origin
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Named after the town of Allerød (Denmark).
- Rango
- climato/palinostratigrafia
- Statuto
- termine informale
- In breve
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Warmer climatic oscillation of the late glacial Pleistocene (11800-11000 BP = 11400-10730 av. J.C.), identified on the basis of pollen analysis.
- Age
- Spätes Pleistozän
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Older Dryas
- Name Origin
-
Named after the cold-climate wildflower Dryas octopetala Linnaeus.
- Rango
- climato/palinostratigrafia
- Statuto
- termine informale
- In breve
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Late glacial floral stage (12000-11800 BP = 11590-11400 av. J.C.)
- Age
- Spätes Pleistozän
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Bølling
- Name Origin
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série de tourbes découvertes au lac Bølling, dans le Jutland central
- Rango
- climato/palinostratigrafia
- Statuto
- termine informale
- In breve
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Late glacial floral stage (13000-12000 BP = 11720-11590 av. J.C.).
- Age
- Spätes Pleistozän
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Oldest Dryas
- Name Origin
-
Named after the cold-climate wildflower Dryas octopetala Linnaeus.
- Rango
- climato/palinostratigrafia
- Statuto
- termine informale
- In breve
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Ab ca. 18'000-15'000 BP, je nach Autor.
- Age
- Spätes Pleistozän
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Eemian
- Name Origin
-
Named after the river Eem in the area of the city of Amersfoort (Netherlands).
- Rango
- cronostratigrafia
- Statuto
- termine informale
- Nomenclatorial Remarks
- Riss-Würm interglacial (Alps), Ipswichian (United Kingdom), Mikulin interglacial (Russia), Valdivia interglacial (Chile), Sangamonian (North America)
- In breve
- Initial palynostratigraphic subdivision of the Late Pleistocene («Tarantian») of NW Europe, roughly corresponding to MIS-5e and to the Riss-Würm Interglacial.
- Age
- Spätes Pleistozän
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Middle Pleistocene (774 ka)
- Rango
- Piano cronostratigrafico
- Statuto
- termine formale valido
- In breve
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The Middle Pleistocene is the middle geochronologic subepoch of the Pleistocene, comprising only the Chibanian age. Its base was set at the boundary between the Matuyama and Brunhes magnetostratigraphic epochs.
In Switzerland the age of the Hochterrasse deposits roughly coincides with the Middle Pleistocene.
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Chibanian
- Rango
- Piano cronostratigrafico
- Statuto
- termine formale valido
- In breve
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New stage name for the Middle Pleistocene.
- Age
- Mittleres Pleistozän
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Saalian
- Name Origin
-
Named after the river Saale (Deutschland).
- Rango
- cronostratigrafia
- Statuto
- termine informale
- In breve
- Terminal substage of the Middle Pleistocene of NW Europe, between Holsteinian and Eemian, characterised by cold climate (culminating in the Alpine region with the Riss glaciation).
- Age
- Mittleres Pleistozän
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Holsteinian
- Name Origin
-
Named after the Holstein region (N Germany).
- Rango
- cronostratigrafia
- Statuto
- termine informale
- Nomenclatorial Remarks
- Hoxnian (United Kingdom), Likhvinian (Russia)
- In breve
- Palynostratigraphic subdivision of the Middle Pleistocene (Ionian) of NW Europe, corresponding to MIS-11 and to the Mindel-Riss Interglacial.
- Age
- Mittleres Pleistozän
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Elsterian
- Name Origin
-
Named after the river Weisse Elster (E Germany), a tributary of the river Saale.
- Rango
- cronostratigrafia
- Statuto
- termine informale
- Nomenclatorial Remarks
- Anglian (United Kingdom), Okian (Russia)
- In breve
- Substage of the Middle Pleistocene of NW Europe, corresponding to MIS-12 and characterised by a cold climate (culminating in the Alpine region with the Mindel glaciation).
- Age
- Mittleres Pleistozän
-
Cromerian
- Name Origin
-
Named after the East Anglian town of Cromer (UK).
- Rango
- cronostratigrafia
- Statuto
- termine informale
- In breve
- Initial palynostratigraphic subdivision of the Middle Pleistocene («Ionian») of NW Europe, encompassing several glacial/interglacial cycles under a relatively mild climate (Günz-Mindel Interglacial).
- Age
- Mittleres Pleistozän
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Early Pleistocene (2.58 Ma)
- Rango
- cronostratigrafia
- In breve
-
The Early Pleistocene is the first geochronologic subepoch of the Pleistocene, starting with the Gelasian age (at the transition from the Piacenzian age) and ending with the Calabrian age (at the transition to the Chibanian age). It is characterised by a predominantly reversed polarised paleomagnetic field (Matuyama) and the onset of large glacial fluctuations.
- Age
- Gelasiano
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Calabrian (1.80 Ma)
- Name Origin
-
Named after the Calabria region (Italy).
- Rango
- Piano cronostratigrafico
- Statuto
- termine formale valido
- In breve
- Second substage of the Early Pleistocene.
- Age
- Frühes Pleistozän
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Sicilian
- Name Origin
-
Named after Sicilia (Italia).
- Rango
- Sotto-Piano cronostratigrafico
- Statuto
- valido
- In breve
- Regional substage (= late Calabrian, Early Pleistocene) in Italy.
- Age
- Calabriano
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Emilian
- Name Origin
-
Named after the Emilia region (Italia).
- Rango
- Sotto-Piano cronostratigrafico
- Statuto
- valido
- In breve
- Regional substage (= middle Calabrian, Early Pleistocene) in Italy.
- Age
- Calabriano
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Santernian
- Rango
- Sotto-Piano cronostratigrafico
- Statuto
- valido
- In breve
- Regional substage (= early Calabrian, Early Pleistocene) in Italy.
- Age
- Calabriano
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Gelasian (2.58 Ma)
- Name Origin
-
Named after the town of Gela (Italia), Sicilia.
- Rango
- Piano cronostratigrafico
- Statuto
- termine formale valido
- Age
- Frühes Pleistozän