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Deutsch: Liebenstein-Decke
Français: Nappe de Liebenstein
Italiano: Falda di Liebenstein
English: Liebenstein Nappe

The Liebenstein Nappe represents the continuation of the Wildhaus Mélange in Austria. It consists of a slice complex including a “wildflysch” (“Feuerstätter Nappe”).

Liebenstein (Allgäu, S-Deutschland)

Liebensteiner-Decke = Hochhelvetikum (Allemann & Blaser 1951), Schuppenzone von Vorarlberg = "Liebensteiner Decke" (Bayer 1982), Liebensteiner Decke (Tollmann 1985), Liebenstein-Schuppenzone (Friebe 2007), Liebenstein Nappe (TK500 / Gouffon et al. 2024)

Deutsch: Ötztal-Decke
Français: Nappe de l'Ötztal
Italiano: Falda dell'Ötztal
English: Ötztal Nappe

The Ötztal Nappe forms the main part of the Ötztal Nappe Complex. It consists mainly of polymetamorphic paragneisses with minor orthogneisses and amphibolites.

Ötztal Nappe (TK500 / Gouffon et al. 2024)

Deutsch: Wildhorn-Deckenkomplex
Français: Complexe de nappes du Wildhorn
Italiano: Complesso di falde del Wildhorn
English: Wildhorn Nappe Complex

The Wildhorn Nappe Complex is an Upper Helvetic set of three superposed tectonic nappes in the Western Swiss Alps: the Diablerets Nappe, present only in the southwest, at the base of the complex, is linked by a tight syncline to the Mont Gond Nappe, which is also outcropping mainly in the southwestern part of the complex. The highest Sublage Nappe forms the main body of the complex; it overlies the thin Jägerchrüz Nappe north of Sierre and the Gellihorn Nappe further northeast. The Wildhorn Nappe Complex comprises a complete stratigraphic series ranging from Triassic to Paleogene occupying the Rawil axial depression. It continues to the northeast up to the Kander Valley, where it is replaced by the Axen and Drusberg nappes.

Wildhorn (VS)/(BE)

Wildhorndecke, nappe du Wildhorn, Wildhorn Nappe Complex (TK500 / Gouffon et al. 2024)

Deutsch: Adamello-Batholith
Français: Batholite de l'Adamello
Italiano: Batolite dell'Adamello
English: Adamello Batholith

The Adamello Batholith is the largest Paleogene pluton of the Alps. It is located in the South Alpine domain, adjacent to the Tonale Fault in the north and the Giudicarie Fault in the east. It comprises several intrusions that succeeded each other between 42 and 28 Ma, generally becoming younger in age from south to north. The rocks of this batholith are mainly tonalites accompanied by granodiorites.
In contrast to the Bregaglia Intrusion and most other Periadriatic plutons, ascent and main emplacement of the different batches of the Adamello Batholith were unrelated to the activity of the neighboring Periadriatic Fault System and occurred by forceful intrusion. The youngest intrusions however, located in the north of the batholith and adjacent to the Tonale Fault (the foliated Avio and Presanella intrusions with ages of 34.6 Ma and 32.0 Ma, respectively), produced a contact metamorphism during which the adjacent mylonites of the Tonale Fault (Southern Mylonite Zone) became deformed under temperatures of up to more than 620 °C. This indicates that dextral strike-slip faulting along the Tonale Fault, recorded in these mylonites within the contact metamorphic aureole, must have started as early as around 34 Ma ago.

Monte Adamello (Italia)

Adamellogranit (Studer 1872), Adamellogruppe (Salomon 1908), masse intrusive tonalitique de l'Adamello (Henny 1918), Adamello-Pluton = Adamellogruppe (Exner 1961), batolite dell'Adamello = plutoniti dell'Adamello (Dal Piaz et al. 1992a), Adamello Batholith = Adamello batholith (Brack 1981, Spillmann 1993, Callegari & Brack 2002), Tonale-Adamello Pluton (Wenk 1982), Adamello batholith (Broderick et al. 2015), Adamello Batholith = Adamello-Batholith = Batholite de l'Adamello (TK500 / Gouffon et al. 2024), Adamello-Intrusion

Deutsch: Sampuoir-Formation
English: Sampuoir Formation

«Fleckenkalkflysch» («Neokom») der Tasna-Decke: Wechsellagerung von bräunlichem Sandstein, hellgrauem Kalkarenit, schwarzem Mergel.

Unteres Val Sampuoir (GR)

Sampuoir-Formation (Bl. Silvretta)

Deutsch: Externes Penninikum der Zentral- und Ostschweiz
Français: Pennique Externe de Suisse centrale et orientale
Italiano: Pennidico Esterno della Svizzera centrale e orientale
English: External Penninic of Central and Eastern Switzerland

In Central Switzerland, external Penninic units comprise Lower Penninic flysch nappes and some klippes of Middle Penninic units overlain by rare remnants of Upper Penninic and Austroalpine units (from west to east: Giswilerstock, Stanserhorn, Buochserhorn, Mythen and Iberg klippen).

Penninic in central and eastern Switzerland (TK500 / Gouffon et al. 2024)

Deutsch: Südalpin
Français: Sudalpin
Italiano: Sudalpino
English: Southalpine

The South Alpine tectonic domain exposes a complete section of the Adriatic continental crust from ultramafic (slices of uppermost continental mantle lithosphere), mafic and felsic granulite-facies rocks (lower continental crust: Ivrea Zone) through medium- and low-grade basement rocks (middle–upper continental crust: Strona-Ceneri and Val Colla zones, basement of the Orobic units) to unconformably overlying non-metamorphic Late Carboniferous sediments that were involved in post-Variscan folding.

The detached Variscan continental crust and its overlying Permian to Miocene sedimentary cover form a fold-and-thrust belt, the southern S-vergent back-chain of the Alps, separated from the other domains of the Western and Central Alps to the west by the Canavese Fault and to the north by the Tonale Fault. Both faults are part of an Oligocene–Miocene post-collisional system of transpressive transfer faults along the northwestern boundary of the Adriatic indenter.

Southalpine, Alpi meridionali lombarde (Godenzi 1963), Southern Alps = Alpi meridionali (Dal Piaz et al. 1973), Südalpen (Trümpy 1974), Sudalpino = Alpi meridionali (Sciesa 1991), Alpi Meridionali = Sudalpino (Dal Piaz et al. 1992a), Südalpin (Spillmann 1993)

Deutsch: Campo-Decke
Français: Nappe de Campo
Italiano: Falda di Campo
English: Campo Nappe

The Campo Nappe is the largest unit of the Upper Austroalpine Campo Nappe Complex and predominantly consists of Variscan basement, locally intruded by Permian magmatites (e.g., Sondalo Gabbro, Martell Granite). This nappe tectonically overlies the Masuccio Nappe in the southwest and the Languard Nappe in the northeast and extends all along the base of the tectonically higher Ortler Nappe. Its former Permian–Mesozoic cover has been almost completely detached very early during WNW-directed Late Cretaceous thrusting and is not present nowadays due to erosion, except as small occurrences more or less attached to the basement of the Campo Nappe.

Val di Campo = Val da Camp (GR)

mittelostalpine Decke = Campo-Decke (Alb. Heim 1922), Campodecke (Rösli 1928, Spillmann 1993), Campo-Decke s.l. > Campo-Decke s.str. (Staub 1946), falda di Campo (Pozzi 1957), falda Campo (Godenzi 1963, Montrasio et al. 2012), Campo-Languard-Einheit (Dössegger 1987), Campo Nappe (TK500 / Gouffon et al. 2024)

Deutsch: Carungas-Schuppe
Français: Écaille du Carungas
Italiano: Scaglia del Carungas
English: Carungas Slice

The Lower Austroalpine Carungas Slice, consisting of a band of predominantly overturned Mesozoic sediments and its associated crystalline basement, forms the hangingwall of the Platta Nappe and the footwall of the Err Nappe. This slice extends from east of Savognin all the way to the Julierpass road above Bivio, along the western margin of the Err Nappe (Manatschal & Nievergelt 1997, their “lower Err Nappe”). The small portion of crystalline rock wedged between the two branches of the Engadine Fault near Sils Maria is also related to the Carungas Slice. This slice is derived from the most distal part of the former Adriatic continental margin.

Piz Carungas (GR)

Schiefer-Hornsteinzone (---), Carungas-Decke (Cornelius 1932), Albuladecke = Carungasdecke (Staub 1934), Carungasdecke (Cornelius 1935, Stöcklin 1949, Spillmann 1993), --- (Froitzheim 1992), Carungas-Einheit (Furrer et al. 2015), Carungas Slice (TK500 / Gouffon et al. 2024)

Deutsch: Grava-Decke
Français: Nappe de la Grava
Italiano: Falda della Grava
English: Grava Nappe

The Lower Penninic Grava Nappe is folded around the front of the Adula Nappe and the Lunschania Antiform. In an overturned tectonic position, it can be followed all the way into a synform located between the Simano and Leventina-Lucomagno nappes. Westward it is found as a klippe in the core of the Molare Syncline and possibly pinches out in the Piora-Peiden Slice Complex between Lago Ritom and Airolo.

The Grava Nappe overlies the Aul Nappe with a basal mélange zone, which contains Early Jurassic Gryphaea-bearing limestones, metabasalts and dark shales. The rest of the nappe consists of Cretaceous «Bündnerschiefer».

Alp Grava (GR), Valser Tal

Grava Nappe (Berger & Mercolli 2007, Berger et al. 2017), Grava-Decke (Wyss & Wiederkehr 2017)

Die Grava-Decke bildete ursprünglich die nördliche Fortsetzung der Tomül-Decke.