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Deutsch: Säntis-Decke
Français: Nappe du Säntis
Italiano: Falda del Säntis
English: Säntis Nappe

The Säntis Nappe is an Upper Helvetic tectonic nappe of the Eastern Swiss Alps, extending from the Linth Valley in the west to the Rhine Valley in the east (including the Fläscher Berg east of Sargans). It overlies the Glarus Nappe Complex north of the Walensee and Seeztal, forming a broad synform, in the core of which are preserved klippen consisting of Upper Helvetic mélanges, as well as Lower and Middle Penninic units.
The Säntis Nappe is composed of Cretaceous and rare Paleogene sediments. Its internal structure is characterized by fold trains and fold-parallel thrust faults, with an important N–S oriented fault between Sax and Appenzell (Sax-Schwende Fault) that can be shown to have been active during the nappe internal deformation.

Säntis (AI)/(AR)/(SG) im Alpstein

Säntis-Teildecke (Schmidt & Preiswerk 1908), Nappe du Sentis (Boussac 1912), nappe du Säntis-Churfristen (Trümpy 1970), Churfristen-Säntis-Decke (Bayer 1982), Säntis Nappe (TK500 / Gouffon et al. 2024)

Deutsch: Grosina-Decke
Français: Nappe de la Grosina
Italiano: Falda della Grosina
English: Grosina Nappe

The Grosina Nappe forms a series of tectonic klippes on the southwestern parts of the Campo Nappe along a distinct mylonitic zone associated with top-NW to top-N senses of shear of Cretaceous age that possibly reworked a Jurassic décollement zone. The amphibolite-facies Variscan basement of the Grosina Nappe is in parts similar to that of the underlying Campo Nappe. However, the basement of the Grosina Nappe differs in that orthogneisses are much more frequent, and, additionally, in that there is often a pervasive greenschist-facies metamorphic overprint of the older high-grade fabrics. The root zone of the Grosina Nappe most probably occurs at the southern margin of the Campo Nappe Complex and in the immediate footwall of the tectonically higher Tonale Nappe.

Val Grosina (Italia)

Grosina-Serie = Grosina-Kristallin (Staub 1946, Rutsch et al. 1966), Grosina-Kristallin (Koenig 1967a, Spillmann 1993), Grosina-Serie, Grosina-Decke, Formazione di Valle Grosina (Gorla & Potenza 1975, Bianchi Potenza & Notarpietro 1977, Bianchi Potenza et al. 1978), Grosina Nappe (TK500 / Gouffon et al. 2024)

Deutsch: Puschlin-Zone
Français: Zone de Puschlin
Italiano: Zona di Puschlin
English: Puschlin Zone

Within the Landeck Quarzphyllites, the «Puschlin Zone» encompasses very small lenses of Permo-Carboniferous and Early Triassic slivers (metaconglomerates, metasandstones and phyllites, as well as cataclasites).

Puschlin (Österreich)

--- (Hammer 1922, Tollmann 1977), Zone Puschlin–Thialspitze, Zone von Puschlin (Gruber et al. 2010), Puschlin Zone (TK500 / Gouffon et al. 2024)

Deutsch: Mont-Blanc-Massiv
Français: Massif du Mont Blanc
Italiano: Massiccio del Monte Bianco
English: Mont Blanc Massif

The Mont Blanc Massif, divided into an external and an internal part by a major fault, is a Lower Helvetic External Massif of the French and Western Swiss Alps. It is constituted of a pre-Variscan polycyclic basement (Precambrian to Early Cretaceous) intruded by Variscan granites and of a Mesozoic–Cenozoic sedimentary cover. The Mont Blanc Massif is separated from the Belledonne Massif by the axial depression of the Val Montjoie and from the Aiguilles Rouges Massif by a thin band of Mesozoic sediments often («Chamonix Syncline»).

Mont Blanc (France/Italia)

Gruppe des Mont Blanc = Centralmasse des Mont Blanc (Gerlach 1871), massif du Mont Blanc (Argand 1911b), massif cristallin du Mont-Blanc (Collet et al. 1952), Massiccio del Monte Bianco (Godenzi 1963), massiccio del Monte Bianco = unità di basamento del Monte Bianco (Dal Piaz et al. 1992a), Mont Blanc massif (Egli 2013), Mont Blanc Massif (TK500 / Gouffon et al. 2024)

Deutsch: Drusberg-Decke
Français: Nappe du Drusberg
Italiano: Falda del Drusberg
English: Drusberg Nappe

Within the Upper Helvetic, the Drusberg Nappe, together with the Axen Nappe, represents the continuation of the Wildhorn Nappe Complex east of the Kander Valley. The Drusberg Nappe consists only of Cretaceous to Paleogene sediments, locally with slices of Late Jurassic limestone (Quinten Formation) at its base.

Drusberg = Druesberg (SZ)

Drusberg-Decke (Lienert et al. 2003)

Deutsch: Mont-Mary-Decke
Français: Nappe du Mont Mary
Italiano: Falda del Mont Mary
English: Mont Mary Nappe

The Mont Mary Nappe is a Salassic tectonic unit constituted by two crystalline basement units: a Lower Unit mainly comprising pre-Alpine amphibolite-facies paragneisses with minor amphibolites and orthogneisses and an Upper Unit comprising pre-Alpine amphibolite- to granulite-facies paragneisses with mafic and carbonate rocks.

Mont Mary (Italia)

Gneissgruppe des Mont Mari (Gerlach 1869), synclinal du mont Mary (Argand 1906a), paquet de digitations inférieur du Mont Mary (Argand 1911b), Ricoprimento M.te Mary (Diehl et al. ----), Mont Mary nappe (Canepa et al. 1990), lembo Austroalpino settentrionale del M. Mary (Dal Piaz et al. 1992a), unit / Klippe, Mont Mary-Cervino nappe (Manzotti & Ballèvre 2017), Mont Mary Nappe (TK500 / Gouffon et al. 2024)

Molassa

Deutsch: Molasse der Synklinale des Juragebirges
Français: Molasse des synclinaux du Jura
English: Molasse of the Jura synclines

Dépôts molassiques qui ont été incorporés dans la chaîne jurassienne lors de son plissement. Ils ont été préservés de l'érosion dans les principaux synclinaux du Jura plissé interne.

Molasse du Jura, Molasse des Juragebirges, formations tertiaires du Jura (Duplaix & Guillaume 1962b), Intrajurassische Molasse (Bitterli et al. 2011), Jura Molasse (Ursprung 2022)

Deutsch: Hadaikum
Français: Hadéen
Italiano: Adeano
English: Hadean (4567 Ma)

The Hadean is the first geochronologic eon of the Precambrian (before the Archean) and goes back to the origin of the Earth 4.56 billion years ago.

Named after Hades, the Greek god of the underworld.

Pre-Archean auct., Hadean (Cloud 1972), Priscoan (Harland ----)

Deutsch: Moûtiers-Schuppe
Français: Écaille de Moûtiers
Italiano: Scaglia di Moûtiers
English: Moûtiers Slice

The Moûtiers Slice forms the external part of the Sion-Courmayeur Nappe in Savoy and in the Valle d’Aosta. It comprises Carboniferous, Triassic and Cretaceous metasediments.

Moûtiers (France)

digitation de Moûtiers (Barbier 1948, Zulauf 1963), unité de Moûtiers (Jeanbourquin & Burri 1989), subfalda di Moutiers (Dal Piaz et al. 1992a), Moûtiers unit (Fügenschuh et al. 1999), Moûtiers Slice (TK500, Gouffon et al. 2024)

Deutsch: Maisander-Schuppen
Français: Écailles du Maisander
Italiano: Scaglie del Maisander
English: Maisander Slices

The Maisander Slices are composed of Late Jurassic limestone (Quinten Formation) intercalated into the Palfris Formation of the Axen Nappe between the Engelberg Valley and the Vierwaldstättersee.

Maisander-Schuppe (Menkveld 1995), Maisander Slices (TK500 / Gouffon et al. 2024)