Pleistocene (2.58 Ma)
Back to the listRepresentation and status
- Index
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- CMYK Color
- 0 / 5 / 30 / 0
- RGB color
- R: 255 G: 242 B: 174
- Rank
- chronostratigraphic Epoch
- Validity
- Unit is in Use
- Status
- valid formal name
- SCS note
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- SCS date
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- Comment
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Nomenclature
- German
- Pleistozän
- French
- Pléistocène
- Italian
- Pleistocene
- English
- Pleistocene (2.58 Ma)
- Origin of the Name
- pleistos = le plus , kaïno = récent
- Historical Variants
- Quaternaire ancien (Boyer & Girardot 1890), Eiszeitalter, Diluvium = Eiszeit (Roesli 1948), Pleistocän, Pleistocaen
- Nomenclatorial Remarks
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Synonyms
- Synonyms
- Non-synonyms
- Possible confusion
Description
- Description
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- Geomorphology
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- Thickness
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Components
Lithological content
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Mineral content
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Fossil content
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Hierarchy and succession
- Lateral equivalents
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- Upper boundary
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- Lower boundary
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- Stratigraphic discussion
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Age
- Age at top
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- Note about top
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- Age at base
- Gelasian
- Note about base
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- Dating method
- The base of the Early Pleistocene (and base of the Quaternary) is defined at the Gauss-Matuyama paleomagnetic reversal, around 2.58 Ma, which also roughly corresponds to the onset of MIS-103.
Geography
- Geographical extent
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- Type area
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- Type locality
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- Type profile
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- Reference profiles
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- Point of interest
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Paleogeography and tectonic
- Paleogeography
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- Kind of protolith
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- Conditions of formation
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- Sequence
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- Tectonic Unit (resp. main category)
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Time Scale
- Paratethys
- Mammal stages
- Metamorphism
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- Metamorphic facies
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- Note on metamorphism
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References
- Definition
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- Revision
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- Important publications
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Material and varia
- Applications
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Late Pleistocene (126 ka) Show details
- Origin of the Name
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- Rank
- chronostratigraphic Stage
- Status
- valid formal name
- Valid name
- In Short
- By definition, the Late Pleistocene corresponds to the last interglacial–glacial cycle (Gondiswil Interglacial and Birrfeld Glacial in Switzerland).
- Age
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- Thickness
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- Geographical extent
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- Type area
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- Comment
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Younger Dryas Show details
- Origin of the Name
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Named after the cold-climate wildflower Dryas octopetala Linnaeus.
- Rank
- climato/palynostratigraphy
- Status
- informal term
- Valid name
- In Short
- Cold floral stage at the end of the Late Pleistocene (12900-11500 BP = 11000-9500 av. J.C.).
- Age
- Late Pleistocene - Late Pleistocene
- Thickness
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- Geographical extent
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- Type area
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- Comment
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Allerød Show details
- Origin of the Name
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Named after the town of Allerød (Denmark).
- Rank
- climato/palynostratigraphy
- Status
- informal term
- Valid name
- In Short
- Warmer climatic oscillation of the late glacial Pleistocene (11800-11000 BP = 11400-10730 av. J.C.), identified on the basis of pollen analysis.
- Age
- Late Pleistocene - Late Pleistocene
- Thickness
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- Geographical extent
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- Type area
- Scandinavia.
- Comment
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Older Dryas Show details
- Origin of the Name
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Named after the cold-climate wildflower Dryas octopetala Linnaeus.
- Rank
- climato/palynostratigraphy
- Status
- informal term
- Valid name
- In Short
- (12000-11800 BP = 11590-11400 av. J.C.)
- Age
- Late Pleistocene - Late Pleistocene
- Thickness
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- Geographical extent
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- Type area
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- Comment
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Bølling Show details
- Origin of the Name
- série de tourbes découvertes au lac Bølling, dans le Jutland central
- Rank
- climato/palynostratigraphy
- Status
- informal term
- Valid name
- In Short
- Floral stage (13000-12000 BP = 11720-11590 av. J.C.).
- Age
- Late Pleistocene - Late Pleistocene
- Thickness
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- Geographical extent
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- Type area
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- Comment
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Oldest Dryas Show details
- Origin of the Name
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Named after the cold-climate wildflower Dryas octopetala Linnaeus.
- Rank
- climato/palynostratigraphy
- Status
- informal term
- Valid name
- In Short
- Ab ca. 18'000-15'000 BP, je nach Autor.
- Age
- Late Pleistocene - Late Pleistocene
- Thickness
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- Geographical extent
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- Type area
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- Comment
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Eemian Show details
- Origin of the Name
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Named after the river Eem in the area of the city of Amersfoort (Netherlands).
- Rank
- chronostratigraphy
- Status
- informal term
- Valid name
- In Short
- Initial palynostratigraphic subdivision of the Late Pleistocene («Tarantian») of NW Europe, roughly corresponding to MIS-5e and to the Riss-Würm Interglacial.
- Age
- Late Pleistocene - Late Pleistocene
- Thickness
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- Geographical extent
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- Type area
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- Comment
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Middle Pleistocene (781 ka) Show details
- Origin of the Name
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- Rank
- chronostratigraphic Stage
- Status
- valid formal name
- Valid name
- In Short
- In Switzerland the age of the Hochterrasse deposits roughly coincides with the Middle Pleistocene.
- Age
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- Thickness
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- Geographical extent
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- Type area
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- Comment
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Saalian Show details
- Origin of the Name
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Named after the river Saale (Deutschland).
- Rank
- chronostratigraphy
- Status
- informal term
- Valid name
- In Short
- Terminal substage of the Middle Pleistocene of NW Europe, between Holsteinian and Eemian, characterised by cold climate (culminating in the Alpine region with the Riss glaciation).
- Age
- Middle Pleistocene - Middle Pleistocene
- Thickness
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- Geographical extent
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- Type area
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- Comment
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Holsteinian Show details
- Origin of the Name
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Named after the Holstein region (N Germany).
- Rank
- chronostratigraphy
- Status
- informal term
- Valid name
- In Short
- Palynostratigraphic subdivision of the Middle Pleistocene (Ionian) of NW Europe, corresponding to MIS-11 and to the Mindel-Riss Interglacial.
- Age
- Middle Pleistocene - Middle Pleistocene
- Thickness
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- Geographical extent
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- Type area
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- Comment
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Elsterian Show details
- Origin of the Name
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Named after the river Weisse Elster (E Germany), a tributary of the river Saale.
- Rank
- chronostratigraphy
- Status
- informal term
- Valid name
- In Short
- Substage of the Middle Pleistocene of NW Europe, corresponding to MIS-12 and characterised by a cold climate (culminating in the Alpine region with the Mindel glaciation).
- Age
- Middle Pleistocene - Middle Pleistocene
- Thickness
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- Geographical extent
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- Type area
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- Comment
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Cromerian Show details
- Origin of the Name
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Named after the East Anglian town of Cromer (UK).
- Rank
- chronostratigraphy
- Status
- informal term
- Valid name
- In Short
- Initial palynostratigraphic subdivision of the Middle Pleistocene («Ionian») of NW Europe, encompassing several glacial/interglacial cycles under a relatively mild climate (Günz-Mindel Interglacial).
- Age
- Middle Pleistocene - Middle Pleistocene
- Thickness
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- Geographical extent
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- Type area
- Eastern England (UK)
- Comment
- The earliest interglacial of the «Cromerian Complex» dates from the end of the Early Pleistocene.
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Early Pleistocene (2.58 Ma) Show details
- Origin of the Name
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- Rank
- chronostratigraphy
- Status
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- Valid name
- In Short
- Geological subepoch characterised by a predominantly reversed polarised paleomagnetic field (Matuyama) and the onset of large glacial fluctuations.
- Age
- Gelasian - Calabrian
- Thickness
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- Geographical extent
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- Type area
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- Comment
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Calabrian (1.80 Ma) Show details
- Origin of the Name
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Named after the Calabria region (Italy).
- Rank
- chronostratigraphic Stage
- Status
- valid formal name
- Valid name
- In Short
- Second substage of the Early Pleistocene.
- Age
- Early Pleistocene - Early Pleistocene
- Thickness
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- Geographical extent
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- Type area
- Calabria (Italy).
- Comment
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Sicilian Show details
- Origin of the Name
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Named after Sicilia (Italia).
- Rank
- chronostratigraphic Substage
- Status
- valid
- Valid name
- In Short
- Regional substage (= late Calabrian, Early Pleistocene) in Italy.
- Age
- Calabrian - Calabrian
- Thickness
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- Geographical extent
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- Type area
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- Comment
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Emilian Show details
- Origin of the Name
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Named after the Emilia region (Italia).
- Rank
- chronostratigraphic Substage
- Status
- valid
- Valid name
- In Short
- Regional substage (= middle Calabrian, Early Pleistocene) in Italy.
- Age
- Calabrian - Calabrian
- Thickness
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- Geographical extent
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- Type area
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- Comment
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Santernian Show details
- Origin of the Name
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- Rank
- chronostratigraphic Substage
- Status
- valid
- Valid name
- In Short
- Regional substage (= early Calabrian, Early Pleistocene) in Italy.
- Age
- Calabrian - Calabrian
- Thickness
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- Geographical extent
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- Type area
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- Comment
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Gelasian (2.58 Ma) Show details
- Origin of the Name
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Named after the town of Gela (Italia), Sicilia.
- Rank
- chronostratigraphic Stage
- Status
- valid formal name
- Valid name
- In Short
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- Age
- Early Pleistocene - Early Pleistocene
- Thickness
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- Geographical extent
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- Type area
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- Comment
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